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Python OS Module

Python OS module provides the facility to establish the interaction between the user and the operating system. It offers many useful OS functions that are used to perform OS-based tasks and get related information about operating system.

The OS comes under Python's standard utility modules. This module offers a portable way of using operating system dependent functionality.

The Python OS module lets us work with the files and directories.

     To work with the OS module, we need to import the OS module.
import os

There are some functions in the OS module which are given below:

os.name()

This function provides the name of the operating system module that it imports.

Currently, it registers 'posix', 'nt', 'os2', 'ce', 'java' and 'riscos'.

Example

     import os 
print(os.name)

Output:

nt

os.mkdir()

The os.mkdir() function is used to create new directory. Consider the following example.

     import os
os.mkdir("d:\\newdir")

It will create the new directory to the path in the string argument of the function in the D drive named folder newdir.

os.getcwd()

It returns the current working directory(CWD) of the file.

Example

     import os   
print(os.getcwd())

Output:

C:\Users\Python\Desktop\ModuleOS

os.chdir()

The os module provides the chdir() function to change the current working directory.

     import os
os.chdir("d:\\")

Output:

d:\\

os.rmdir()

The rmdir() function removes the specified directory with an absolute or related path. First, we have to change the current working directory and remove the folder.

Example

     import os
# It will throw a Permission error; that's why we have to change the current working directory.
os.rmdir("d:\\newdir")
os.chdir("..")
os.rmdir("newdir")

    

os.error()

The os.error() function defines the OS level errors. It raises OSError in case of invalid or inaccessible file names and path etc.

Example

     import os

try:
    # If file does not exist,
    # then it throw an IOError
    filename = 'Python.txt'
    f = open(filename, 'rU')
    text = f.read()
    f.close()

# The Control jumps directly to here if
# any lines throws IOError.
except IOError:

    # print(os.error) will <class 'OSError'>
    print('Problem reading: ' + filename)   

    

Output:

Problem reading: Python.txt

os.popen()

This function opens a file or from the command specified, and it returns a file object which is connected to a pipe.

Example

     import os   
fd = "python.txt"    
  
# popen() is similar to open()   
file = open(fd, 'w')   
file.write("This is awesome")   
file.close()   
file = open(fd, 'r')   
text = file.read()   
print(text)   
    
# popen() provides gateway and accesses the file directly   
file = os.popen(fd, 'w')   
file.write("This is awesome")   
# File not closed, shown in next function.    

    

Output:

This is awesome

os.close()

This function closes the associated file with descriptor fr.

Example

     import os   
fr = "Python1.txt"  
file = open(fr, 'r')   
text = file.read()   
print(text)   
os.close(file)     

    

Output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 3, in 
    file = open(fr, 'r')
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'Python1.txt'

os.rename()

A file or directory can be renamed by using the function os.rename(). A user can rename the file if it has privilege to change the file.

Example

     import os   
fd = "python.txt"  
os.rename(fd,'Python1.txt')   
os.rename(fd,'Python1.txt')   

    

Output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 3, in 
    os.rename(fd,'Python1.txt')
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'python.txt' -> 'Python1.txt'

os.access()

This function uses real uid/gid to test if the invoking user has access to the path.

Example

     import os   
import sys  
  
path1 = os.access("Python.txt", os.F_OK)   
print("Exist path:", path1)   
    
# Checking access with os.R_OK   
path2 = os.access("Python.txt", os.R_OK)   
print("It access to read the file:", path2)   
    
# Checking access with os.W_OK   
path3 = os.access("Python.txt", os.W_OK)   
print("It access to write the file:", path3)   
    
# Checking access with os.X_OK   
path4 = os.access("Python.txt", os.X_OK)   
print("Check if path can be executed:", path4)  

    

Output:

Exist path: False
It access to read the file: False
It access to write the file: False
Check if path can be executed: False

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Python OS Module

os.name()

os.mkdir()

os.getcwd()

os.chdir()

os.rmdir()

os.error()

os.popen()

os.close()

os.rename()

os.access()

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